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نظریه رشد درونزا
The most relevant eco- nomic approaches to innovation are the new endogenous growth theory (Romer, 1986, 1990), which focuses on the national and regional levels, and evolutionary economics (Nelson and Winter, 1982), which focuses on the firm and industry levels (Hodgson, 1999; Nelson, 2001).
Based on Schumpeter's argument that innovation fosters economic development, endogenous growth theory includes technological change or innovation as an endogenous variable to explain economic growth.
Endogenous growth theory makes technological change endogenous allowing imperfect competition and therefore the existence of profit incentive to invest in technology.
Endogenous growth theory improves the traditional growth model, but shares with it the basic neo-classical economic assumptions: optimization behavior and equilibrium.
, the new endogenous growth theory and evolutionary economics - are entrepreneurless either because the entrepreneur is equated to a homogenous repre- sentative firm (endogenous growth theory) or because human volition and intention are ruled out (evolutionary economics).
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